Source code for statsmodels.tsa.filters.bk_filter
from __future__ import absolute_import
import numpy as np
from scipy.signal import fftconvolve
from ._utils import _maybe_get_pandas_wrapper
[docs]def bkfilter(X, low=6, high=32, K=12):
"""
Baxter-King bandpass filter
Parameters
----------
X : array-like
A 1 or 2d ndarray. If 2d, variables are assumed to be in columns.
low : float
Minimum period for oscillations, ie., Baxter and King suggest that
the Burns-Mitchell U.S. business cycle has 6 for quarterly data and
1.5 for annual data.
high : float
Maximum period for oscillations BK suggest that the U.S.
business cycle has 32 for quarterly data and 8 for annual data.
K : int
Lead-lag length of the filter. Baxter and King propose a truncation
length of 12 for quarterly data and 3 for annual data.
Returns
-------
Y : array
Cyclical component of X
References
---------- ::
Baxter, M. and R. G. King. "Measuring Business Cycles: Approximate
Band-Pass Filters for Economic Time Series." *Review of Economics and
Statistics*, 1999, 81(4), 575-593.
Notes
-----
Returns a centered weighted moving average of the original series. Where
the weights a[j] are computed ::
a[j] = b[j] + theta, for j = 0, +/-1, +/-2, ... +/- K
b[0] = (omega_2 - omega_1)/pi
b[j] = 1/(pi*j)(sin(omega_2*j)-sin(omega_1*j), for j = +/-1, +/-2,...
and theta is a normalizing constant ::
theta = -sum(b)/(2K+1)
Examples
--------
>>> import statsmodels.api as sm
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> dta = sm.datasets.macrodata.load_pandas().data
>>> dates = sm.tsa.datetools.dates_from_range('1959Q1', '2009Q3')
>>> index = pd.DatetimeIndex(dates)
>>> dta.set_index(index, inplace=True)
>>> cycles = sm.tsa.filters.bkfilter(dta[['realinv']], 6, 24, 12)
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> cycles.plot(ax=ax, style=['r--', 'b-'])
>>> plt.show()
.. plot:: plots/bkf_plot.py
"""
#TODO: change the docstring to ..math::?
#TODO: allow windowing functions to correct for Gibb's Phenomenon?
# adjust bweights (symmetrically) by below before demeaning
# Lancosz Sigma Factors np.sinc(2*j/(2.*K+1))
_pandas_wrapper = _maybe_get_pandas_wrapper(X, K, K)
X = np.asarray(X)
omega_1 = 2.*np.pi/high # convert from freq. to periodicity
omega_2 = 2.*np.pi/low
bweights = np.zeros(2*K+1)
bweights[K] = (omega_2 - omega_1)/np.pi # weight at zero freq.
j = np.arange(1,int(K)+1)
weights = 1/(np.pi*j)*(np.sin(omega_2*j)-np.sin(omega_1*j))
bweights[K+j] = weights # j is an idx
bweights[:K] = weights[::-1] # make symmetric weights
bweights -= bweights.mean() # make sure weights sum to zero
if X.ndim == 2:
bweights = bweights[:,None]
X = fftconvolve(X, bweights, mode='valid') # get a centered moving avg/
# convolution
if _pandas_wrapper is not None:
return _pandas_wrapper(X)
return X