Source code for statsmodels.tsa.filters.hp_filter
import numpy as np
from scipy import sparse
from scipy.sparse.linalg import spsolve
from statsmodels.tools.validation import array_like, PandasWrapper
[docs]def hpfilter(x, lamb=1600):
"""
Hodrick-Prescott filter.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
The time series to filter, 1-d.
lamb : float
The Hodrick-Prescott smoothing parameter. A value of 1600 is
suggested for quarterly data. Ravn and Uhlig suggest using a value
of 6.25 (1600/4**4) for annual data and 129600 (1600*3**4) for monthly
data.
Returns
-------
cycle : ndarray
The estimated cycle in the data given lamb.
trend : ndarray
The estimated trend in the data given lamb.
See Also
--------
statsmodels.tsa.filters.bk_filter.bkfilter
Baxter-King filter.
statsmodels.tsa.filters.cf_filter.cffilter
The Christiano Fitzgerald asymmetric, random walk filter.
statsmodels.tsa.seasonal.seasonal_decompose
Decompose a time series using moving averages.
statsmodels.tsa.seasonal.STL
Season-Trend decomposition using LOESS.
Notes
-----
The HP filter removes a smooth trend, `T`, from the data `x`. by solving
min sum((x[t] - T[t])**2 + lamb*((T[t+1] - T[t]) - (T[t] - T[t-1]))**2)
T t
Here we implemented the HP filter as a ridge-regression rule using
scipy.sparse. In this sense, the solution can be written as
T = inv(I + lamb*K'K)x
where I is a nobs x nobs identity matrix, and K is a (nobs-2) x nobs matrix
such that
K[i,j] = 1 if i == j or i == j + 2
K[i,j] = -2 if i == j + 1
K[i,j] = 0 otherwise
References
----------
Hodrick, R.J, and E. C. Prescott. 1980. "Postwar U.S. Business Cycles: An
Empirical Investigation." `Carnegie Mellon University discussion
paper no. 451`.
Ravn, M.O and H. Uhlig. 2002. "Notes On Adjusted the Hodrick-Prescott
Filter for the Frequency of Observations." `The Review of Economics and
Statistics`, 84(2), 371-80.
Examples
--------
>>> import statsmodels.api as sm
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> dta = sm.datasets.macrodata.load_pandas().data
>>> index = pd.DatetimeIndex(start='1959Q1', end='2009Q4', freq='Q')
>>> dta.set_index(index, inplace=True)
>>> cycle, trend = sm.tsa.filters.hpfilter(dta.realgdp, 1600)
>>> gdp_decomp = dta[['realgdp']]
>>> gdp_decomp["cycle"] = cycle
>>> gdp_decomp["trend"] = trend
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> gdp_decomp[["realgdp", "trend"]]["2000-03-31":].plot(ax=ax,
... fontsize=16)
>>> plt.show()
.. plot:: plots/hpf_plot.py
"""
pw = PandasWrapper(x)
x = array_like(x, 'x', ndim=1)
nobs = len(x)
I = sparse.eye(nobs, nobs) # noqa:E741
offsets = np.array([0, 1, 2])
data = np.repeat([[1.], [-2.], [1.]], nobs, axis=1)
K = sparse.dia_matrix((data, offsets), shape=(nobs - 2, nobs))
use_umfpack = True
trend = spsolve(I+lamb*K.T.dot(K), x, use_umfpack=use_umfpack)
cycle = x - trend
return pw.wrap(cycle, append='cycle'), pw.wrap(trend, append='trend')